Archive for 七月, 2010

補習社今日語法-according as,according to

星期二, 七月 27th, 2010

今日語法:

according as,according to

這兩個詞組雖然相似,但它們的結構和使用場合併不相同。 according to表示"根據"、"按照";而according as表示"視乎",有depending及according to whether的意味。
According as是連詞詞組,其後接從句;according to 是介詞短語,其後接名詞。例:

The thermometer rises or falls according to the high or low temperature.
寒暑表根據氣溫的高低而升降。

They will be praised or blamed according as their work is good or bad.
給他們的賞罰將視乎他們工作的好壞來決定。

應當在此指出,在現代英語中,according as的句型結構已很少有人使用,正如Bergen Evans和Cornelia Evans在A Dictionary of Contemporary American Usage 中指出的那樣:"This construction is not often heard today"。

下面是according to的例句:

According to the weather report,we shall have cold weather next week.
根據天氣報告,下星期天氣將要轉冷。

You should act according to circumstances.你們要隨機應變。
According to有個同義短語,即in accordance with,但它們的涵義有細微的區別,前者強調"根據…所言",後者則強調"與…要一致"。另外in accordance with多用於正式場合,例如表示與一些原則、規律一致。例:

According to police report,five luxury cars were stolen in Kowloon yesterday.
根據警方報告,昨天在九龍有五輛豪華汽車失竊。

We must proceed in accordance with the rules.
我們必須按照規章辦事。

That sentence is not in accordance with the rules of grammar.
那個句子不符合語法規則。

請注意,in accordance with 既可引導adverbial phrase,又可引導adjectival phrase作verb"to be"的補語(見上面in accordance with的第一和第二個例句);according to則不能。例如,我們不能說:

The news is according to Hong Kong’s broadcasting station. (錯)

另一點需要補充說明的是,in accord with 和in accordance with同義,它們可以互換使用,但前者遠不及後者用得普遍。英國學者F. T. Wood認為,我們最好在強凋"與…一致"(agreement)的時候,用in accord with;在強調"服從"或"遵照執行"(obeying or following)的涵義時,用in accordance with。例如:

What he has done is not in accord with your instructions.

In accordance with your instructions we have suspended work on the heating apparatus.

香港補習社今日語法-主謂一致中的“鄰近原則”

星期二, 七月 27th, 2010

英語句子中,主語的“人稱”和“數”要限制,決定謂語動詞的形式變化,這就叫“主謂一致”關係。
 
它通常依據三項原則:
1)語法一致; 2)意義一致; 3)就近一致。
【語法一致原則】
a)“many a + 單名”接單數謂語:“a good (great ) many + 復名”接複數謂語。 e.g.
①Many a fine man has died for it . 許多優秀戰士為此獻出了生命。
②A great many parents were present at the meeting . 許多家長出席了會議。
  
b)"a / an + 單名+ or two " 大多接單數謂語: "one or two + 復名"接複數謂語。 e.g.
①Only a word or two is (are )needed. 只需說一兩句。
②One or two reasoms were suggested . 提出一兩條理由。
  
c)"a / an + 單名+ and a half"常接單數謂語;“one and a half +復名”多接複數謂語。 e.g.
①A year and a half has passed . 一年半已過去了。
②One and a half tons of rice are sold . 已賣了一噸半大米。
 
d) "more than one + 單名"大多接單數謂語。 e.g.
①More than one person was (were )absent . 不止一個人缺席。
"more + 復名+ than one "接複數謂語。 e.g.
②More students than one have been there . 不止一個學生去過那兒。
"more than two (three,…)+復名" 接複數謂語。 e.g.
③More than one hundred students have attended the concert . 不止一百名學生聽了這場音樂會。
讓我們學以致用吧
看誰做的最快! ———–每天進步一點點
Many a man ( )come to help us.
A.have B.has C.is D.are

形容詞及其用法

星期四, 七月 8th, 2010

形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質或特徵。通常,可將形容詞分成性質形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。

1)直接說明事物的性質或特徵的形容詞是性質形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補語。例如:hot。

2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數以a開頭的形容詞都屬於這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。
   (錯) He is an ill man.
   (對) The man is ill.
   (錯) She is an afraid girl.
   (對) The girl is afraid.
  
這類詞還有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。

3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之後。例如:something nice.

練習:

1.孩子睡著了。 (asleep)

2.這兩姊妹非常像。 (alike)